The Benefits of My Fantasy Football League Essay Example for Free

The Benefits of My Fantasy Football League EssayThe difference surrounded by knowledge and intellect is remarkable, yet many times these words are go ford interchangeably. Knowledge refers to facts on a given subject intellect refers to a persons perspective, how they view, analyze, and interpret their environment . Unlike I.Q., intellect can and should be taught to our students, but instead our current schooling system is focused on ensuring students memorize the facts required to pass an exam. In his essay, Hidden Intellectualism, Gerald Graff explores the limits current education standards impose on our youths development. Graff presents the idea that perhaps the subjects that we normally dude with anti-intellectualism are just as capable of being subject of critical thought as Shakespeares plays. Real intellectuals turn any subject, however jackanapes it may seem, into grist for their mill through the thoughtful questions they bring to it (Graff, 381). This idea is centr al to understanding the rest of Graffs argument. If no subject is more deserving than another, therefore every subjectsports to scienceshould be utilized in the classroom as learning tools.Young students are motivated in complicated ways. The things that raise them are normally not academic texts of Plato or George Orwell. The author himself identified himself as a person who hated books and cared only for sports (Graff, 381). The only readings that interested him were sports novels and magazines. oer time, Graff developed the idea that his love for sports was not actually anti-intellectual as he had previously assumed, but was as intellectual as his university studies. He claims that had his teachers utilized his love for the workings of the sports world as an outlet to spark academic discussion and thought, he would have earned a self-coloreder education.While Graff was postponing his English grooming to have a debate with his best friend about who was the best pitcher in the 50s, he was practicing the skills that would later allow him to become a happy professor at the University of Illinois. Engaging in heated debates about baseball gave Graff opportunities to practice forming coherent arguments supported with evidence he had to collect and analyze slice at the same time perfecting his conversation skills and logical thought patterns. What is the goal of elementary education if not to teach hotshot how to learn and think? Sure, one needs to know their multiplication tables and Presidents, but the curriculum should be designed to teach students how to educate themselves in order to think critically about their world.The starting signal step in education, according to Graff, should be providing the pupil with a topic they are interested in. Doing so gives students a bridge from their social life into the academic world and will yield students that are more interested and involved in their studies. Graff acknowledges that there are limits to this app roach just like any other. A quote from his peer, Ned Laff, summarizes the challenge in education. The challenge is not simply to exploit students nonacademic interests, but to get them to see those interests through academic eyes (Graff, 385). Being a cognoscenti on the top songs of the decade is not enough, one should be able draw relationships between the trends of the songs in order to come to a familiar conclusion or theory that is applicable to other areas of life.Graff is careful to not belittle the classic academic texts and subjects. He claims that educators should use the topics their students are interested in as a gateway to more challenging topics. If one can teach a student to think critically about the implications of performance enhancing drugs in todays athletes, then the hard part in education is complete. Once a student knows how to think critically, they can apply that technique to whatever subject they take to study for the rest of their life. It gives the pow er and responsibility of teaching to the student themselves.Graff ends his argument by appealing to the readers logic. Suppose he is wrong, and allowing trending topics in the classroom does not in fact motivate the student to become a student of the world. What does the educator stand to lose in trying? Even if all they ever are interested in canvass are the current stats of the Baltimore Ravens, they are more literate and reflective than they would be otherwise (Graff, 386).I believe Graff presented a strong and valid argument worthy of discussion. I am able to relate on many levels with Graff. Often I find myself more interested in my fantasy football team than my college courses. Previously, I had assumed time spent on fantasy football was time wasted, but this essay has allowed me to develop a different perspective. In order to have a successful team, I had to decide what players would complement each other this required close analysis of their strengths and weaknesses.Memoriz ing and studying stats has allowed me to develop my statistical analysis skills, a skill that otherwise would be left unrefined. After each season, game, play, I have to reevaluate my thoughts on a player in order to take into account the new information. It has taught me that the greatest players make the same amount of novel mistakes as the worst players but adopt their errors only a fraction as often. If more of my teachers had exploited my love of sports earlier in my education, I might have a more sinless idea of my academic capabilities.Although I agree with the central tenets of Graffs argument, I think he is overly critical and general of todays educators. in that respect are teachers who exploit every opportunity to intrigue their students, and they deserve to be acknowledged in any argument critiquing the current education system. These are teachers who go beyond the status quo of teaching to the exam. They are the educators who attempt to instill in their students a pa ssion to learn, explore, and test the boundaries of their mind. It is also important to elaborate on my use of the word teacher. A teacher is not restricted to the classroom, but I have extended the term to encompass all ones advisors, particularly a childs parents.I believe Graff would agree with my statement that a childs parent plays a vital and irreplaceable share in the education of a child. Rather than discourage discussion of the popular topics, parents can facilitate classroom learning through critical discussion of subjects at once related to the youths life. Hidden Intellectualism details a not so unique argument in a way that is easy for the general public to sympathize with. It provides people with a justification for their guilty pleasures and encourages a more critical mindset no matter what you are doing. I would barrack the article to my peers, teachers, and teammates alike.Works CitedGraff, Gerald. Hidden Intellectualism. They say I say. Eds. Graff, G., Birkenst ein, C., and Durst, R.. New York City W. W. Norton Company, 2012. 380-386.

The grief process at different lifespan stages

The mourning work at at diverse lifespan stagesMost theories of sorrow derive from the works of Sigmund Freud and Eric Lindemanns checking of mourning and include two assumptions A / Grieving is time limited. The touch on should be completed or resolved after a year or two. B / The main undertaking of sorrow is to achieve decathexis (one should detach oneself from emotional ties to the deceased so as to be able to ferment new relationships.).Horacek, (1991).There be two complex processes victorious place within this topic that we call Grief. Firstly in that location is the emotional side ( sorrow) and bear take on many obvious and subtle forms. secondly there is the process or grieving stage as it is more comm only indentified. It is within this second stage that the bereaved is called upon and to allow them selves to make a raft of choices and decisions much(prenominal) as the funeral arrangements or when at just about point in time do they allow themselves to deci de what to keep as mementos and what not to. Often these sides mint be sleep with entwined into one and the bereaved whitethorn end up in a state of confusion and stagnant retort. This whitethorn lead to a trine state in which the bereaved becomes dysfunctional within their heartache processing and typoly becomes stuck in whatever position or state they are in and good dealnot allow themselves release from that state and to move forward.Grief does not exist within the world of closing only. Grief whitethorn come from many somatic and psychological changes that are totally unrelated to goal. Loss of a limb incapacitation of body use as a result of an accident loss of a boyfriend or girlfriend loss of a marriage bankruptcy loss of a personal business. I could list more but the point is to say that grief covers an extremely wide and complex area of concord and acceptance.For the purposes of this essay, I testament concentrate upon the subject of death and how does one handle the situations of that death. I will cover various models as they relate to a child (0 11) and to that of an adolescent. Then, we will look at those of an older person and likewise take into nib the elderly. How do the various models of grief and the process of grieving change with age? Are there stages of recovery or is the recovery a process that may never be finally finished? Either commission, grief and grieving is a personal experience and will vary among ages, culture and background. It would become overly involved for the purpose of this topic to introduce culture and background, so I will therefore keep this essay to the more general form of models of grief and their relationship to those of age.Does a child pose the capacity to experience grief and to mourn as do adults? Bowlby (1963), and Fusman (1964), sees a child as capable of crucifixion major ill luck surgical incisionicularly with a close family member and probably with other close significant losses as wel l. In that reference, there were no given age ranges so I will take the point of a child being of 0 11 yrs of age. Lindemanns seminal study in 1944 on the Symptomatology and Management of acute grief is similar to Freuds arrest. But how does that apply to a child?Whilst Bowlby recognised a similarity to Freuds point of view, he also recognised that a young child is capable of suffering major visitation as mentioned. But these responses can come from many enamours. Obviously, they are different to those of an adult but none the less they (adults) do have an influence upon the childs perception and response to their ability to handle grief and grieving. It is suggested that a child will copy to the best of their ability, the grieving patterns of their remaining significant parent or even that of an older sibling (Bowlby, 1980 Kubler-Ross, 1983 Schumacher, 1984).Other factors can also have an influence on the childs response such as the nature and intensity of their attachment to t he deceased their learningal level the capacity to understand what has happened (the conceptualisation of death and what explanations are given to them) and the nature and circumstances of the death. It is reasonable toassume that a child can experience a bereavement response, probably in an attenuated form death of a grandparent, parent, uncle, teacher, playmate, family pet or even the lossof a favourite toy. Ambivalence and dependence are core themes of a childs relationship with family members and a childs grief may be influenced by this aspect of their attachment to the deceased.Childrens conception of death closely parallel Piagets (1952) successive levels of cognitive development (Berlinsky Biller, 1982). For example, during the sensorimotor tip (birth 2yrs), the childs concept of death is non-existent or incomplete (Kane, 1979). Most workers agree that the younger childs response, particularly to the death of a parent, is likely to be indistinguishable from that of separ ation response. For a child of 2 or younger, they do not have the concepts of time, finality or of death itself but they may show, if for instance their mother dies, typical phases of denial, protest, despair, and in the end detachment (Kastenbaum, 1967 Berlinsky Biller, 1982).During Piagets pre occupational period (2 6yrs), a childs cognitive development is dominated by magical thinking and egocentrism. Consequentially at this stage, they believe that death can be either avoided or reversed (Melear, 1973 Anthony, 1971 Stillion Wass, 1979). Furman (1963) believes that from 2 2 years onwards a child is able to bear death to some degree and to mourn. Melear set in motion that children within this age group viewed the dead as having feelings existing in a life like state. Because of theirthinking, the child may feel trustworthy for causing the death and consequently feel shame and guilt.Progressively, through the period of concrete operations (6 7yrs through to 11 or 12 ye ars), children begin to understand the reality of death but do not realise that death is universal and that those around them, including their loved ones, will die some day (Berlinskey Biller, 1982). Anthony, (1971) suggested that children conceptualise death in concrete terms and view death as distant from themselves.Gradually, from ages 9 or 10, children acquire a more mature understanding of death that death is irreversible in nature and that they themselves will eventually experience it (Anthony, 1971 Melear, 1973 Stillion Wass, 1979). A child will experience the developmental nature of death associations which progress from no understanding toward an abstract and realistic understanding of the concept of death (McCown, 1988).Within the years of adolescence, the persons understanding of death and what has happened closely approximates that of an adult and their grief may take on similar forms. But because they are in that realm halfway between childhood and adulthood, their re sponses may fit neither mould. If they cry, they may be accused of being babyish. Equally, if they dont, they may seem cold and uninvolved. With so many conflicting areas and so many stressful situations of this age group, they may neither express their emotions directly nor verbalise them. They may instead, act out within their personal environment, indicating their need for care, their anger, their guilt and their longing.Although privy to increased knowledge about death through instant communication and increasing exposure to death, adolescents do not have the social or emotional maturityto fully incorporate and process those experiences into a coherent world view (Rowling, 2002). Adolescents tend to be more extreme in their risk taking and it seems to be the closer to the edge that they go, the great the thrill of cheating death. Living life to the fullest inherently has some risks. Consciously or otherwise, they may pursue this ambiguity more than others, due to their cogniti ve development and the need for excitement (Spear, 2000).Emotional reactions to a loss can be devastating to the adolescent, whether the loss is the perceived detachment from parents, actual losses that are literal deaths such as the suicide of a friend or metaphorical deaths such as the breaking up with a boyfriend or girlfriend. Meshot Leitner (1993), have observed that the extent of grief is often much stronger in teenagers than in adults. There is evidence that adolescents are constantly grappling with life and death contrasts as a modal(prenominal) part of their development (Noppe Noppe, 1991). These years help to construct a personal stamp with their understanding of death as they are lovely in both life affirmation and death acknowledgement. They are questioning and assuming different belief systems regarding death and the after life prior to cave in onto a more permanent value system as well as incorporating the very reality of personal mortality into their evolving se nse of identity.Adolescent grief experience is profoundly personal in nature. Although they grieve more intensely than adults (Christ et al. 2002 Oltjenbruns, 1996), their grief may be expressed in short outbursts, or there may be concentrated efforts to control emotions.They can often believe that their experiences are completely unique unto themselves (Elkind, 1967). The adolescent grief pattern may act on a life long developmental trajectory. That is, the loss may be continued to be felt throughout their life span as they grad from college, their work, marriage and so on. This can be accentuated as they grow older than the parent, sibling or friend who has died (Silverman, 2000).Adolescents are more sophisticated than children in their understanding and response to death, but neither is their mourning adult like. The overall nature of the adolescents response is intimately tied to their developmental issues. The consideration of ones own death, as part of the treads of the tota lity of the life cycle, cannot be a comfortable notion for an adolescent to accept. Creating a unified sense of identity must be reconciled with this consideration. Adolescents opposition this dilemma in the context of a system of values, philosophy of life and particular spiritual or religious beliefs. Sterling and Van Horn (1989) found that adolescents who were at the peak of their struggle with identity formation, had the highest levels of death anxiety. With regard to personal characteristics or the adolescent, self esteem was found to be important in adolescents response to loss. Balk (1990) and Hogan and Greenfield (1991) found that adolescents with lowered self concept scores showed more problems with their grief.More adolescent males than females die suddenly and violently, via accidents, homicides and suicides (Corr et al., 2003). However, no one knows if, as a consequence, teenage males grieve more than females over the loss of their same sex best friend.Parallels betwe en the socialization of males into hiding emotions, being independent and displaying aggressive conduct when upset are reflected in adolescent males grief reactions (Adams, 2001). Bereaved adolescent girls may express more go underment difficulties (Servaty Hayslip, 2001), but this may be accordant with the latitude afforded women to talk of their feelings. Reaching out to others seems to be easier for females than males (Noppe et al., 2003).As mentioned earlier and in closing of this section, the uncounted of adolescent tasks serve as a modeling for how the adolescent is affected by grief and their response to loss is intimately tied to their developmental issues. Adolescents do not grieve in the same way as do adults and their grief processes may be more intermittent, intense and overwhelming.We began this essay with the generally accepted theory of mourning from the work done by Freud and Lindemann as cited by Horacek (1991). Whilst Freud did not officially modify his theory , he did modify it in a letter written to Swiss psychiatrist Ludwig Binswanger in 1929. In this letter he reflected on the death of his daughter in 1920 from influenza and the death of his grandson in 1923. He stated that although we know that after such a loss the acute stage of mourning will subside, we also know we shall remain inconsolable and will never find a substitute. Freud realised that some losses can never be fully resolved and that grieving can continue indefinitely for such potentially high grief deaths such as the loss of a child or a grandchild.Gorer (1965), described eight styles of grieving that fall into three categories based on the length of the grieving process. The first fireside includes grieving styles that demonstrating little or no mourning, such as the denial of mourning, the absence of mourning, anticipatory grieving and hiding grief. The second category is time limited mourning, which includes a period of intense grief followed by a return to the pre grief status. His third category is unlimited mourning, a go along grief that does not radically interfere radically with everyday living mummification, in which the mourner makes a room or a whole house as a shrine for the deceased and despair, a never ending, deeply painful process.Adults view death through the lens of wisdom gained through the myriad of life experiences associated with expanded interactions with different people, work settings and family relationships. Whilst studies on parental and sibling grieving challenge the assumption that grieving is time bounded and that decathexis can and should be accomplished. In his interviews of some 155 families, Knapp (1986, 1987), found six significant similarities in the way in which families responded to the deaths of their children. The sixth was what he called shadow grief, a lingering, emotional obtuseness of affect that continues indefinitely, indicating that grief such as this is never totally resolved. He called shadow grief a form of chronic grief that moderately inhibits normal activity, yet it is an abnormal form of mourning that it was quite normal, perhaps even routine. In support of this finding, Lund (1989) stated that there is considerable evidence that some aspects of bereavement and subsequent readjustments may continue throughout a persons life and itmight be appropriate to question the use of conceptualizing grief as a process which culminates in resolution, because there may never be a full resolution. Though death separates the mourner from the deceased, a relationship with the deceased continues. It is largely agree that particularly with adults and the more elderly, the bereaved should regain everyday functioning within a two to three year period, but, also, that grief may never come to an end and can still be considered normal.Fulton (1978), produced a model that began to reflect the complicated reality of the grieving process. He put forward that in a high grief situation, three sets of reactions can be delineated1. Initial reactions. These can include numbness, shock and disbelief. These reactionscould last for days, weeks or even months.2. Grief tasks. These reactions may include such tasks as dealing with anger, guilt, emptiness, depression, ambivalent relationships and life reviewing. Working through these tasks can take months or years and in some cases can continue indefinitely.3. Adjusting to the loss and continuing grieving.In addition, this model recognises that the three sets of reactions overlap and can recur and that the mourner could deal with one specific grief task such as resolving excessguilt and then face another grief task months later. Most important, this model recognises that the basic loss does not disappear like a wound that heals in time, but rather that theloss continues like an amputation or dismemberment. Likening grieving to amputation de line of works the mourner must continually adapt and adjust to the loss. Although the griev er can reach a new everyday functioning status, the loss and its concomitant reactions, for example shadow grief, continue indefinitely.In final conclusion, both the grief and grieving process is complicated and has many variable aspects to how one deals with the bereavement. Probably the most obvious is that the ability to handle bereavement lies in the cognitive developmental stage of the bereaved. This is probably more pronounced within the child and adolescent stages of life due to the aspects already discussed earlier. It is also of note that the elderly are more likely to experience multiple losses, such as the deaths of a spouse, friends, or relatives or the loss of roles, health, or income, over comparatively short periods of time. At the same time, many older grievers are quite resilient and exhibit strong and effective coping abilities (Lund, 1989). An aspect of grief that was only briefly touched upon, was that of anticipatory grief. Such would occur during the period of extended terminal illness. Whether this type of grief assists the survivor or not, has not been really established. In some cases it can lead also to confusion and subsequently, to a dysfunctional grief. In dealing with and assisting the bereaved caregivers need to be aware of the need to adjust their understanding of the grieving process relative to the age, gender and the situation with which the bereaved is finding them selves. Grieving is a complex emotional and active process and there are no simple answers nor are there simple repairs.

The History And Origins Of Conference Industry

The History And Origins Of Conference painsThis chapter assumes a literature review of the concourse manufacture. It begins by manifesting the scene of company through the history and origins of manufacture, and a reflection about pains structure. Furthermore a review the intentness growth is mintn into consideration. It take overs with a goal mental test of confluence impacts such as economic, environmental, technological, social and cultural, also a consideration on employment generation. Finally, it analysis the future challenges of the host sedulousness.2.2 The history and origins of Conference IndustryConference has been existed for a long time as in that respect throw away been great deal, the showdown has been happening. Researches and investigations of ancient cultures, archaeologists have found evidences of primitive ruins that has been used by people to meet and to discuss interests, or either celebrations (Spiller, 2002 p. 3).A launch event of contemp orary congregation was held from June 1814 to September 1814, called Congress the Vienna. The purpose of Congress de Vienna was to establish the territorial divisions of europium at the end of the Napoleonic Wars, and representatives included all of the major terra firma powers of the day (Rogers, 2008 Davidson and Cope, 2003). Industrialisation spread throughout the Western Europe and America during the late nineteenth and early twentieth. The development of industry and commerce increases the requirement of meet amidst stage businesspeople and master keys, aimed to discuss and exchange ideas (Spiller, 2002 p. 5-6).The origin of the throng industry is very recent, hardly 50 years of age in North America and Europe, in addition in the most rest of the world still very younger. yet, group discussion and meetings of people have happened since early days of civilisation progress (Rogers, 2003). Nowadays, concourse sector is believed to be one of the most moneymaking and attr active sector of tourism industry, despite partly to the extravagantly economic benefits for the hosting community (Crouch and Louviere, 2004). The gathering sector of the business industry is valued in a hundreds of billions of pounds per year on a global scale (Rogers, 2003).Since earlier 60s, conference sector has been supported by investments received in the whole infrastructure, helping to a steadily growth during the 90s, which was a decade with one of the highest sustained investments recorded. Even if the industry is maturing fast, due to its vigorous, a lack of some necessary description necessitate to be more established, such as suppress training and education structure, and well-defined terminology. The conference industry has to address these weakness to claim a be position (Rogers, 2003).2.3 The SuppliersIn response to an extensive and diverse demand for meetings and conferences of all kinds, suppliers have to offer a wide mix of run, facilities and infrastruct ures to attend the great variety of events (Davidson and Cope, 2003). These have augmented in diversity and quantity, at the same speed the industry has grown over the past 50 years (Rogers, 2003). However, quite fewer of these suppliers ar committed to the conference industry only (Rogers, 2003 Leask and Spiller, 2002). Rogers (2003) has separated the industrys supply into three leading type of venue as subsequent.2.3.1 The VenuesVenues ar the places where business tourism events take place, in theory almost any type of building could be promoted as a conference venue (Swarbrooke and Horner, 2001). Additionally in Britain there are over 3500 venues supported as suitable for meetings and conferences (Rogers 2008).However, according to Leask and Spiller (2002), for venues develop an input of the conference industry, they should have certain characteristics, such as offers a purpose- make facilities that present multiple usages, flexibility in their design and having suitable ligh ting system and breakout space. Nevertheless, Rogers, 1998 and Leask and Spiller, 2002 emphasis that some venues such as hotels, faculty member venue and unusual venues do non focus on the conference segment entirely. The figure below represents an analysis of the different types of conference venues in the UK. prognosticate 2.1 Analysis of the UKs conference venues and typeSource Adapted from British Association of Conference Destinations (BACD) in Rogers, 2008.2.3.1.1 HotelsDespite the increase of many different forms of venue, hotels are predominantly vital to the corporate market sector, creating around two-thirds of all conference venues (Rogers, 2003 Davidson and Cope, 2003). The advantages of holding an event in a hotel are that guests can easily walk to the meeting rooms, which costs for transportation can be avoided (Allen, 2000). A vast range of hotels can two offer accommodation and quite a few conference and meeting-style facilities (McCabe et al., 2000). Rogers (20 03) come across that hotel represents two third of all conference venues, being mainly significant to the corporate market sector and the main types of hotel active in the conference market are showed in the table below.Table 2.1 Main types of hotel active in the conference marketHotelCharacteristicsCentral business district hotelsA hotel located in the central business district of the townspeople tends to be business-oriented, provides quality conference and meeting facilities and capable to handle corporate business. Additionally, hotels located close to broad conference centres are also able to provide delegate accommodation whilst major conferences are hold. For several companies, the central location of venues is very attractive, as they comprise an effortlessly access to business offices, restaurants and entertainment.Resort hotelsThese types of hotels are liable to be popular for the motive that they are situated in advantageous locations with both recreational and sporting facilities in close proximity, therefore to provide an opportunity for delegates to include extra pre-and- post conference activities. In many resort hotels, the conference sector recompense the seasonality of the leisure tourism, and is acknowledged as a high-spend and high-yield business. airdrome hotelsAirport hotels have the prospective contribution of an additional time-saving advantage, were originally most has been built to lodge clients staying for a night, who those having a stop before, after, or in between flights. However, many companies are increasingly use them as a cost-effective personal manner of provide a meeting for delegates travelling from between state. Also airport hotels are growing in popularity for the reason that many people are victimisation low-cost airlines. Despite from the benefits of competitive price, convenience, and location they also provide excellent choices of meetings and conference rooms and supporting business services.Source Adapted from McCabe et al., 2000 Rogers, 2008 Davidson, 1994 Lawson, 2000 Gosling, 2003.2.3.1.3 Purpose-built conference centresPurpose-built conference centres can be residential and non-residential, usually provides designed areas to host meetings and conferences of large numbers of people, sometimes including an exhibition. In additionally, they normally provide halls with appropriate infrastructure to hold exhibitions and trade shows, some large rooms for plenary sessions, variety of meeting rooms, breakout areas, banqueting facilities, a business centre, offices and administration space. They also provide catering facilities simultaneously with a trained captain meetings and conference team to hold the event (McCabe et al., 2000 Davidson and Cope, 2003).Furthermore, it is argued that the future for purpose conference venues is bright (Whitfield 2007 Lau et al., 2005 Litvin, 2003), in addition, a conference venue plays an important business in recovering the destinations economy as well a s recuperating its neglected areas (Lawson, 2000 Laslo and Judd, 2004 McNeill and Evans, 2004 Clark, 2004 Fenich, 1992).It become visible the reason why many destinations around the world are investing in the expansion or development of their convention facilities (Laslo and Judd, 2004), and it is identify that the conference industry offers a variety of opportunities at all possible levels, national, as well as organisational or individual (Getz 2005).2.3.1.4 Academic and civic venuesAn increase number of academic venues, such as universities, colleges and public schools, which are investing in the construction of quality conference facilities and accommodations, are available throughout the year during the students holiday, (Walker, 2004 Rogers, 2008). Although Rogers (2008) complete grammatical construction that many of those accommodations are equivalent to considerable 3-star hotel standards.As can be seen in McCabe et al. (2000) the cost of accommodation in academics venues a re liable to be inferior than in hotels, and consequently they tend to be mostly attractive to some non-profit organisations and associations that have limited budgets. In many places civic venues include council chambers and committee rooms, town halls and other civic facilities are also available for external hire (Rogers, 2003).In UK, academic venues particularly universities are playing a considerable responsibility in both responding and stimulating to the growth of the conference and meetings market, despite the fact that earning income for educational establishments (Davidson and Cope, 2003).2.3.1.5 unique venuesUnusual venues have been characterized as involving an ample range of facilities that are used for conference and meetings, including art galleries, museums, historical houses (Leask and Hood, 2000 in Davidson and Cope, 2003). In additional, cultural and entertainment venues, such as theatres, sporting venues, television studios tourist attractions, such as historica l localizes, theme parks, castles and heritage centres as well as transport venues, including cruise ships, ferries, steam trains and canal barges can also be included as an unusual venue (Rogers, 2003).The attraction of those venues is that they can provide an event with a special appeal, which can create it memorable experience for delegates. Although some venues have high-quality conference and meeting facilities, others can be more limited in this aspect, however the setting in which the event is being organized tends to recompense for such limit (Rogers, 2008 Davidson and Cope, 2003).As far as most of venue types has been highlighted. The table below compare the advantages and disadvantages of those venues. Different factors regards as the conference and meetings been hold in a high quality from the corporate sectors point of view and better value for money from the associations points.3.1 Advantages and disadvantages of venuesType of venueAdvantagesDisadvantagesHotelsEveryth ing under on roof All inclusive quotes Airport hotel time savingMixing leisure and business guest Can appear to frivolous Unsuitable for large events Lack of flexibility with syndicate rooms, and so onPurpose built-conference centresSpace for large events Extensive range of technology available, plus technical know-how Many offer exhibition spaceMay not evermore be suitable for the growing number of smaller events No on- point accommodationUniversitiesGood value for money Learning ambience Everything on site Ancient/modern styles Range of sizes of meeting roomsLack of comfort and facilities May be limited to holiday periods Large sites problems of orientation between buildingsUnusual venuesMemorable, novelty value Cruise ships all-in pricesLimited by design restrictions due to primary function Unlike to be used several times by same client novelty value fades No on-site accommodationsSource Davidson and Cope, 20032.4 The Growth of conference industryThe industry has experienced outstanding growth from mid-sixties due to a number of features from the demand and supplier sides. Regards a larger demand for conferences and meetings, various specific aspects has contributed to the industry development. Such as the growth of multinational corporations, expansion of government and quasi-governmental organization has brought the need for meetings in a public and private sector (Spiller, 2002 p. 5-6 Lawson, 2000 Davidson and Rogers, 2006).The conference industry is growing and maturing very fast, it is youthful and vibrant. In America and Europe it is hardly 50 years old and even younger in the most part of the world. Nowadays the industry itself claims to be the worlds largest, helped with international investments in large scale infrastructure projects have been undertaken all through Asia and Pacific, East European countries such as Czech Republic and Hungary, in a number of African countries, in the Middle East (Rogers, 2008).The growth of the industry is dem onstrated in Rogers (2008), the evaluation of the industrys major trade shows, which is held in Barcelona. The European inducement and Business Travel and Meeting Exhibition (EIBTM) shows that in 1988, 54 countries were represented as exhibitors, the exhibition was held in Geneva in 2005 the numbers has doubled to 95 countries held in Barcelona. Although, the number of visitors in the same period increased from 2850 in 1988 to 5689 in 2005.2.5 Impacts of conference eventsPositive and nix impacts can be generated by the conference industry. The conference sector has been generally accepted for it is high-yield, year-round market and the possibility of gathered substantial economic gains that characterize the main motivation for many destinations to follow the conference market (Davidson and Rogers, 2006).Employment GenerationStimulation of InvestmentContribution to Government RevenueForeign Exchange EarningsPositive ImpactsAccording to McCabe et all (2000) the conference sector is an important generator of tourism expenditure, foreign exchange earnings, investment and employment. The figures below show the positive and the negative impacts of the conference industry.Figure 2.1 Positive impacts of the conference industrySource Adapted from Davidson and Rogers, 2006The figure above reviews some of positive impacts that conference industry can generate to the community development. In additionally, it can be see that conference sector is well accepted for a high-yield year around market boosting substantial economic gains (Davidson and Rogers, 2006).However, while the positive impacts of conference are normally noticeable and progressively more claimed by the conference industry itself, a number of unfavourable effects related to hidden cost of growing and operating conference industry and affects the host community (Rogers, 2008). The diagram below represents the negative impacts of the conference industry. ostraciseImpactsInfrastructureCostsPromotionalCostsL eakageFigure 2.2 Negative impacts of the conference industrySource Source Adapted from Davidson and Rogers, 20062.5.1 Economic impactsThe conference industry has been considered as the healthiest and well growth-orientated segment of the tourism industry. Business people and professional travel all throughout the year to attend conferences and meetings, affecting considerably in particularly tourism and hospitality industry. The reason is the need of those participants to meet, eat and sleep. However, many other direct impacts can be seen, such as cultural and sporting activities place, tourism attractions, restaurants, local shops and transport facilities (McCabe et all, 2000).The conference market is critically in nature and vulnerable to change in the business environment. The current slow-down in the global economy and recession can decrease numbers of conference and meeting activity (Weber and Chon, 2002).2.5.2 Environmental impactsThe value of the environment is vital to the successful performance of the conference and business industry (Rogers 2008). Constructive environmental impacts at basic levels, towns and cities hosting conferences need to ensure that the physical environment is maintained in a great, tidy and healthy condition. Delegates will be expecting to find conference localities at least clean and attractive, and this is particularly when there is a motivational component to the conference (Davison and Rogers 2006).Davison and Cope (2003) say that customer busy in excess of possible and actual unconstructive impacts of mass tourism ahead the inhering, built and human environments of purpose is achieving importance. Business Travel have an effect on towns and cities where conventions and exhibitions take place, open the citys potential for professional and business location and development. These are the causes why almost all big cities have situated convention centres in close combination to a high-amenity, creating a good impression to delegates. However, awareness groups are placing increasing force for conference industry to bring in more environmental consciousness.Moreover, Swarbrooke and Honer (2001) say that there are important certifies that conventions and exhibitions centres are functioning in an environmentally friendly approach, and supporting environmental schemes.2.5.3 Technological impactsThe future of the conference industry has a midpoint on the technology issues the concern is if the advantage technology such as videoconferencing, virtual trade shows and webcasting will replace the need of face-to-face meetings (Weber and Chon, 2002).However studies suggest that has been a slow reluctance to establish state-of-the-arte technologies, simply because it often comes without adequate training staff and suitable backup support by the IT providers in difficult dower (Weber and Ladkin, 2001 in Weber and Chon, 2002).Thus, according to McCabe et al. (2000), the significant communication services that are available to organisers and participants of conference events are showed in the table below.Table 2.2 Communication servicesSERVICECARACTERISTICSvideoconferencingan electronic medium that transmits the picture of the speaker, product, or explanatory fine artteleconferencingenables sharing of ideas in real time with enhanced audio and graphicselectronic data transferallows transfer of large amounts of data between computers separated by long distancesFacsimileenables quick and accurate transmission of large documentsvirtual exhibitionscomputer simulations and human computer interfacing, this takes place through a combination of visual, audio and kinetic effectsSource Adapted from McCabe et al., 2000 Medlik, 2003 Rogers, 2008.Furthermore, it is clear that study technology (IT) can be generate massive benefit for those who operating function of conference organiser and the conference venue itself, also can be noticed at operational, tactical and strategic level, Consequently, it appe ar that the technology, predominantly the Internet, have substituted the traditional conference diaries or filing and paper trail systems (McCabe et al., 2000).2.5.4 Social and cultural impactsDifferent generation are emerging into the conference industry, those who having grow up and spending ofttimes time on the PC and exploitation email. They are speech very different approach to communication and require a different learning style (Weber and Chon, 2002).another(prenominal) issue related to social impacts are the bm toward an aging population. An increase number of people are chosen to retired early also many of those may decide to engage in associations (Weber and Chon, 2002).2.5.5 EmploymentThe industry creates an increase level of business and improvement of employment opportunities. It is seen as an attractive employment area for those who may become employees for the first time or a looking for a carrier change. It is view as dynamic industry and one that offer many care er opportunities and the expectation for fast career development. The industry is responsible for a significant part of the jobs found in the transport and hotels sector, such as specialist conference professions related to the suppliers (McCabe et all, 2000 Davidson and Rogers, 2006). However the industry is not resistant to the high staff turnover and shortages in labour supply found within the tourism and hospitality industry (McCabe et all, 2000).Fenich (2005) claims the employment benefits of conference industry can stimulate construction or renovations of hotels, restaurants, retail units and entertainment facilities. Because of the stimulus a range of skilled and unskilled job opportunities are created For example, these would include meeting planners and marketers, hotel and convention sales, and promotion staff, secretarial and business services, catering staff, retail clerks, taxi drivers and security staff etc. The impact of employment may vary between cities, town and co untries due to the structure of the economy.2.6 The future of the conference industryPredictably, many people outside and inside the conference industry attempt to forecast the industry growth, and whether in the years it will experience growth or decline, even through many issues can be come across due to unexpected circumstance those can affect conference industry (Rogers, 2008 Swarbrooke and Horner, 2001).The present slow-down in the global economy and recession has the potential to diminish conference and meetings activity in the future. Many others factors impact the current growth and health development of the segment such as social, economic, technological and environmental trends (Rogers, 2008 Weber and Chon, 2002).2.6.2 Social trendsIn impairment of social trends, changes happen into the work population, including an increasing number of womens conference delegates, older delegates or coming from diverse cultural, ethnic and religious backgrounds. Additionally, many emplo yers are ontogenesis a wide range of work-life options, for example tele-working or taking portfolio careers (Rogers and Davidson, 2006)Different generation are emerging into the conference industry, those who having grow up and spending much time on the PC and using email. They are bringing very different approach to communication and require a different learning style. Another issue related to social impacts are the trend toward an aging population. An increase number of people are chosen to retired early also many of those may decide to engage in associations. All these social trends are going to have several implications for the conference industry (Weber and Chon, 2002 Rogers and Davidson, 2006).2.6.3 Economic trendsDespite on-going divergences and continuous deterrence of terrorist attacks planetary, the global economy should continue to recover over the next five years, which is excellent news for the conference industry as it clearly depends on the worldwide economic situat ion (Davidson, 2004). In addition, the economies of Central Europe maintain expanding Western European countries will fairly certainly experience an augment in business travel from the new EU member countries (Rogers, 2008).The expenditure on business travel and tourism in Europe, according to the World Travel Tourism Council reached $xcl billion in 2003, representing 39%of the worldwide total of $488.8 billion. Although, is expecting an increase spending on business travel in Europe by approximately 75% over the next 10 years, reaching by 2013 roughly $ 330 billion (Mintel, 2003).2.6.4 Technological trendsThe 21st century is involved especially about Information and communications Technology (ICT) Buhalis (2008). Technological trends will continue to develop at the remarkable speed. It will contribute to the industry offering important prospective and benefits to buyers, suppliers and intermediaries (Rogers, 2008)However, the industry has been using ICT for many years, with e-mail and the Internet. Conferences organisers can take advantage to reach potential delegates by using email addresses or to set a web site related to the event, conference or exhibition. Nowadays, registration for various events can be possible done on-line, permitting the organisers to be and keep the web information up-to-date, also turn over any delegate by their email addresses (Davidson et al, 2002 Buhalis, 2008).By the end of this decade, the conscientious for cost saving and efficiency in distribution will affect the industry (Davidson and Rogers 2006). The preferred distribution channel for making reservations, check in, registration to a conference also many other forms of business travel will be done by the internet (Cline, 2001). A report from IBM business consulting service, forecasted that on-line travel bookings would roughly double between 2004 and 2007 (OConnor and Piccoli, 2003).The future of the conference industry has a midpoint on the technology issues the concern is if the advantage technology such as videoconferencing, virtual trade shows and webcasting will replace the need of face-to-face meetings. However studies suggest that has been a slow reluctance to establish state-of-the-arte technologies, simply because it often comes without adequate training staff and suitable backup support by the IT providers in difficult circumstances (Weber and Chon, 2002 Weber and Ladkin, 2002).6.4.5 Environmental trendsThe value of the environment is vital to the successful performance of the conference and business industry (Rogers 2008). Constructive environmental impacts at basic levels, towns and cities hosting conferences need to ensure that the physical environment is maintained in a clean, tidy and healthy condition. Delegates will be expecting to find conference localities at least clean and attractive, and this is particularly when there is a motivational component to the conference (Davison and Rogers 2006).Firstly, considering the damage of env ironmental issues like global warming, carbon emissions and others cause to the planet. Swarbrooke and Horner (2001) criticized negative impact on the environment, particularly in terms of transport sector. For example, pollution and fuel costs of air travel and the use of private car to take the business traveller from one destination to another. Regarding International legislation, airlines have already done a lot to reduce their environmental impacts.Davison and Cope (2003) argument saying it is obvious that the majority international business journeys are made by air, the extremely polluting form of transportation. Aviation is identified to be the highest increasing source of babys room gas emissions and key donor to climate change. They also criticize the police of aircraft and aviation fuel an airline tickets are zero rated for value-added tax (VAT), this means that familiarity contribute is subsiding air transport.It should be discuss how those issues are becoming usual wor ries and challenges inside conference and convention industry (Rogers, 2008). Cassar (1995) mention the environmental concern will continues indoors the conference venues. It is essentially how about venues can congregate their responsibilities to anxiety for conferences and exhibitions.The positive environmental impacts generate the desires for municipalities to preserve eminence of their built and natural environment, the conference industry in addition has the potential to produce beneficial results on the environment of destination by contributing to environmental development and conservation. The conference industry has as well added large appraise to urban conservations programme, particularly during the replacing into conference centres of buildings that perhaps have been destroyed. Innumerable examples of architecturally precious buildings have been saved by their renovation into conference amenities (Davison and Rogers 2006).

Santeria Is A Syncretism Religion From West Africa Religion Essay

Santeria Is A Syncretism Religion From West Africa Religion EssaySanteria is an integrated system of beliefs from the Yoruba religious belief, Roman Catholic and Native American traditions. The elements of Yoruba righteousness were imported to the immature adult male in the Caribbean by the slaves from Nigeria (People form Nigeria, West African country) who were ferried to Caribbean to work in the sugarcane plantations. As these slaves were being transported to their new destination, they carried bulge with them their traditional religion. These traditions included the manner of praying to their ancestors and early(a) many deities. Given their religious and religious rite nature of their religion, Santeria is fully infested with physical sacrifice and sac blushing(a) drumming practiced the same way its mother Yoruba religion does though Santeria sh bes in other doctrines of the Catholic, and Native American traditions.The incorporation of the three religions has evolved over time and today it has interpreted a form c everyed Santeria as it is today in Cuba. However, it is noted that the religion continues to extend to other parts of the world for instance United Sates of America disposed the migration of the believers from aras it is dominantly practiced like Cuba. As reported today, the followers of this faith are not only Africans of West Africa origin but large numbers are of Hispanic and Caribbean descent. In United States of America, increasing number of African- American and European-American heritage has been recorded so far.Ritual Performance Traditions of Santeria Ascension, Divination and SacrificeThis research authorship attempts to put into focus the ritual performance of Santeria in the light of Ascension, Divination and Sacrifice. These three are the major pillars of the Santerian traditional ritual performance.Unlike other world religions of Western origin, Santeria lacks an organized central creed for its religious practices. It is be st cognise for its unique rituals and ceremonies. Most remarkably, these rituals and ceremonies are conducted within the house temple also known in Cuba as the casa de santos translated in English as the house of saints. The house temple is also called ile from the Yoruba dialect. It is a common observation that ile are located in the homes of the initiated priests and priestesses (Mason, p. 123). In addition, ile shrines are strictly constructed by the consecrated priests and priestesses themselves.Different orishas are assigned different ile shrines depending on their commands of their deity. The shrine creates a space for worship referred to as igbodu otherwise an equivalent of alter in Catholic religion. Every igbodu (alter) is characterized by the display of three distinct thrones marked by royal blue, white and red satin. The three thrones represent that of the queen, kings and the warriors deified. The composition of ile is made up of the followingIndividuals seeking guidanc e from the orishas.Followers who are awaiting consecration to become priests.In the history of Santerian, cabildos and casas constructed between the nineteenth and the 20th centuries provides fond memories of the contemporary priests and the priestesses who are the key pillars of the origins and strongholds of Cuban Lucumi culture and religion.RitualsThe first ritual is Santera is the acquisition of elekes (beaded necklaces). The colour patterns of the beads on the elekes will be similar to those of orisha that primarily serves as the iyawos (bride) ruling head and the guardian angel (Brown, p. 35). The acquisition of the elekes must(prenominal)be done by babalawo, the divine fortune teller, during the prophecy ritual called bajar a Orunla translated as to bring down Onrula. During this rite, the elekes is soaked in a mixture of herbs, a sacrificial blood and other substances given to the initiated. In ordinary circumstances, the initiates are required to receive elekes of the fiv e most powerful and influential orishas. These peculiar(a) elekes given to the initiates have multicolored beads on the elekes patterned to represent all the five primary orishas Ellegua, Obatala, Yemaya, Chango, and OShun. The beads act as the sacred channels of contact with the named orishas. From there on, the initiate will now be consecrated to handle the divination of the Orishas through the elekes.During the reception of the elekes, the initiate bows over a bathtub and then his head get washed with the mixture of herbs by the Orisha himself. This is a sign of entree to the high powers of the orishas and other deities y the initiate. Throughout the life of the initiate (now a follower), the elekes will act as the holy banner for the orishas, and a sign for the justly presence of orishas. In the Santera, elekes play a very solid role because it is perceived as the sole provider of mighty protection to the followers in the event of any looming misfortune therefore it must be worn at all times. According to Oguta, elekes is considered one of the holiest tools in the said religion. Therefore it must never be worn by a menstruating woman during her periods.Medio asientoThis is the second ritual in command in the religion of Santera. It involves the creation of an image of the Eleggua, a powerful orisha who keeps evil away from the life of every believer. During the creation of this image, a person consults with a Santero and his life is reviewed afresh including the past, present and the future. The Santero then dictates the 21 paths of Eleggua the recipient role will receive and he also choose the materials to be used in the making of the image of Eleggua. The sculpture is purposed to keep away evil spirits from the initiators home, family and life. The ritual is panned by the Santera and the orishas only comes in to preside over the process.The third ritual is called receiving of the warrior. Here, the initiates receive objects from the babalawo, an or isha that represents the warriors. crusade tools and weapons are used to represent Oggun, the Lord of Iron iron bow and arrow represent Ochosh, the divine hunter Osun the messenger of Obatala is represented by nairon chalice with a little rooster at the tip. This particular ritual marks the beginning of a formalized life-ling relationship between the initiate and the orishas. Similarly, the orishas declare their full time protection and provision on the initiates path. The ritual raises the level of commitment between the Santeria/initiate and the orishas whereby he is officially inducted into the religion because this ritual is binding and is life-long in nature.AsientoAsiento is the last ritual in Santeria. It is translated as rising slope to the throne. This is the most crucial and secretive ritual of all and it occupies the highest level of ritual in the spiritual realms in the religion of Senteria. During the ceremony, the iyamo (bride) confess his submission into the faith a nd this point he is declared born again. This particular ritual culminates all the previously conducted rituals, in this way it cannot be conducted unless the prior rituals have all been conducted. Right in the first place the ritual is performed, an individual is regarded as impure and unholy thus it is recommended that he dies from his old personality. This is the ritual that significantly marks the process of purification and divination (Houk, p. 145).The new convert or rather the initiate becomes born again in the faith, young and ready to begin a new life of growing deeper in the faith. This is the most meaningful and mature stage of faith that every initiate in expected to reach. At this stage, an initiate can graduate into priesthood upon their consecration by other senior and prominent orishas.SacrificeThe Santeria is dominated by the offering of sacrifices especially during the ritual ceremonies. It widely believed in the faith. Every time a ritual is done, an animal must be killed to shed some blood which is used for cleansing purposes. Most if the concoctions used by the orishas during these rituals contain some percentage of blood from the slaughtered animals stringently for cleansing purposes.ConclusionSanteria being a religion whose roots are deeply rooted in Africa and Caribbean cultures thought with negligible percentages of western religious cultures, rituals plays significant religious and cultural roles in the lives of its believers all over the world. Though it lacks organized creeds of faith like the western religions, its members find due fulfillment in accomplishing the serial of it rituals stipulated in the traditions of faith. Most notably, Santeria is not a lesser religion among its believers given its ritual nature and it is increasingly becoming popular in the world. Real religion for sure.

king Louis :: essays research papers

IntroductionPerhaps one of the most famous of European monarchs, index Louis XIV ruled France for some 72 years, the longest by both French head of State. It is believed that reign of fagot Louis XIV was reputably famous as one of Absolute government, primarily because the King had his own particular and dominating zeal of governing the nation. Attaining the powers of a King at a young age of only 5 years, King Louis XIV would rule through his m other(a)s guidance and profound Mazarin acting as the head of state deciding most of the official and civilian matters concerning the governance of France. With no proper or formal education to his credit, King Louis XIV nevertheless gained immense insight on practically all matters of governance and grew up to be an extremely intelligent head of state. From the onset of his adulthood, King Louis XIV had perceived numerous plans for his country, and if one were to grade the King according to todays standards, one would certainly place h im in the category of Type-A personality. This was because the King had learnt, and that too from childhood that the outperform way to rule would be to control the subject with absolute authority. In doing so, the King chose his advisors and consultants from the category of non-nobles, with the objective of inviting least opposition, and for reasons of imposing his decisions and motives without being questioned. The nobles too were useful, and had to be retained around the Kings circle, primarily to win over their confidence, in return for the positions and wealth offered to them on behalf of the state. Also famous as a hard running(a) and pleasant natured, the King sought to bring glory for France, and strived for a united France, simply because it was easier to rule. The Kings ideas about making France a glorious state were also exhibited in his desires for other European nations to fear, respect as well as imitate France in all matters of governance, aspects which only remained merely a set of ideas.Born in 1710 at Versailles, King Louis XIV gained the title of "Louis the Well Beloved", yet this title only remained so until the King remained a monarch of France, and practically diminished upon his death. impertinent heirs of monarchs, King Louis XIV was neither formally educated in worldly discipline, nor was he nurtured to become a head of state.

Amistad Essays -- essays research papers

AmistadI have watched the Amistad directed by Steven Spielberg, written by David Franzoni, presented by Morgan Freeman, Nigel Hawthorne, Anthony Hopkins, Djimon Hounsou, Mathew McConaughey, David Paymer, Pete Postlethwaite, and Stellan Skarsgard. It was rented from Hollywood Video to end up the assignment.Who we be, is who we were, states attorney Baldwin, the persuading point reaching into the hearts of the jurors. Telling a story about the intriguing life and life lost of the Mende people. Their ending up in the States and the tragedy and violent cruel torture they endured not only on La Amistad, but also the treatment they received here in America. Who were these people? Why was it such an issue on whose property they were? The time was around 1854, and the progression toward the Civil War had begun. Stephen Spielbergs film Amistad is an illustrative news report of historyinevitable course. On the surface, Spielberg relates the journey of Cinques and his people to the America. In a larger sense, however, he contrasts a story of passage to America with its simple values and way of life to the arrival of an even more savage life and ideas of the civilization from Africa, a story of greater historical significance. The characters are not extensively developed instead, they are simply presented, even understated at a point. Spielbergs intent is to draw vivid characterizations and to create objects and characters as symbols with larger meanings. Power and autho...

Education: The Road to a Better Life :: Teaching Philosophy

Education The Road to a Better LifeEducation is an institution we use to nurture people what they wouldnt normally learn. Teaching has to make pass an educator satisfaction in making a difference in someones life. I want to become an educator so I can teach what I never had much of an opportunity to learn in my years In school. Education is completely necessary in life, without it, life would hold little meaning and excitement. My classroom would be very relaxed. Art posters would hang on the walls, along with diagrams, maps, and sculptures. Projects would vary in accordance to my class levels and areas of concentration and, seats would be moved in according to the media we would work in. I would set up still-lifes when working in painting or drawing. When studying history, I would show the students slides of celebrated works and people. When painting or drawing, the seating would be surrounding the subject in a circle. When seeing slides or having lectures, seats would be more create in rows. Bulletin boards would display student works and class assignment reminders.My classroom would be a mixture between authoritarian and non-authoritarian. I certainly do not want to scare them into listening to me, and I do not want them to fear me or hesitate in asking for my help. But, I do not want them to take advantage of me or think that they can get by with not working. Being an art teacher, I would write my classroom visually interesting without distracting the students attention needlessly. I would never tell a student he or she is wrong in their artwork, I would lone(prenominal) try to help that student reach their goals in the project. Personal art is never wrong and it should only be graded on following directions and position forth effort. In cases of discipline, I would never verbally castigate a child, that does nothing for their self-esteem. I would tell them to stay on task or else they wouldnt get wind a grade for that specific project. I would try to be their friend so that they would feel comfortable telling me things that were important, but I would never dope off sight in position. I would be the teacher, therefore I would be in charge of them. I would want them to feel free to tell me things that were bothering them, playfulness around, and be comfortable in class.